GCC Code Coverage Report


Directory: ./
File: Os/Generic/LocklessPriorityQueue.cpp
Date: 2026-09-03 21:13:48
Exec Total Coverage
Lines: 188 200 94.0%
Functions: 13 14 92.9%
Branches: 82 102 80.4%

Line Branch Exec Source
1 // ======================================================================
2 // \title Os/Generic/LocklessPriorityQueue.cpp
3 // \brief lockless ISR-safe priority queue implementation for Os::Queue
4 // ======================================================================
5 #include "Os/Generic/LocklessPriorityQueue.hpp"
6 #include <atomic>
7 #include <cstring>
8 #include <limits>
9 #include "Fw/LanguageHelpers.hpp"
10 #include "Fw/Time/TimeInterval.hpp"
11 #include "Fw/Types/Assert.hpp"
12 #include "Fw/Types/ByteArray.hpp"
13 #include "Fw/Types/MemAllocator.hpp"
14 #include "Os/Task.hpp"
15 #include "config/MemoryAllocatorTypeEnumAc.hpp"
16
17 namespace Os {
18 namespace Generic {
19
20 namespace {
21
22 //! Extract the state portion of a packed state-tag word.
23 111908389 constexpr LocklessStateTagType stateOf(LocklessStateTagType packed) {
24 111908389 return packed & LocklessSlot::STATE_MASK;
25 }
26
27 //! Extract the tag portion of a packed state-tag word.
28 8343687 constexpr LocklessStateTagType tagOf(LocklessStateTagType packed) {
29 8343687 return packed >> LocklessSlot::STATE_BITS;
30 }
31
32 //! Pack a (state, tag) pair into a single word.
33 8340439 constexpr LocklessStateTagType packStateTag(LocklessStateTagType state, LocklessStateTagType tag) {
34 8340439 return (tag << LocklessSlot::STATE_BITS) | (state & LocklessSlot::STATE_MASK);
35 }
36
37 } // namespace
38
39 50931835 bool LocklessPriorityQueue::isCandidatePreferred(FwQueuePriorityType candidatePriority,
40 U32 candidateSequence,
41 FwQueuePriorityType bestPriority,
42 U32 bestSequence) {
43 50931835 bool preferred = false;
44
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50931835 if (candidatePriority > bestPriority) {
45 3985101 preferred = true;
46
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46946734 } else if (candidatePriority == bestPriority) {
47 // Modular subtraction: if (candidate - best) interpreted unsigned has its top bit set,
48 // candidate is "older" (smaller in the wrap-aware ordering) than best.
49 12452159 const U32 difference = candidateSequence - bestSequence;
50 12452159 const U32 topBit = static_cast<U32>(1) << (std::numeric_limits<U32>::digits - 1);
51 12452159 preferred = (difference & topBit) != 0;
52 }
53 50931835 return preferred;
54 }
55
56 2330 LocklessSlot::LocklessSlot()
57 2330 : m_stateTag(packStateTag(LOCKLESS_SLOT_FREE, 0)), m_sequence(0), m_size(0), m_priority(0) {}
58
59 203 LocklessPriorityQueueHandle::LocklessPriorityQueueHandle()
60 : QueueHandle(),
61 203 m_slots(nullptr),
62 203 m_slotsAllocation(nullptr),
63 203 m_data(nullptr),
64 203 m_depth(0),
65 203 m_messageSize(0),
66 203 m_sequence(0),
67 203 m_count(0),
68 203 m_available(0),
69 203 m_highMark(0),
70 203 m_id(0) {}
71
72 406 LocklessPriorityQueue::~LocklessPriorityQueue() {
73 // Intentionally empty: cleanup is the responsibility of an explicit `teardown()` call.
74 // Freeing here would call the `Fw::MemAllocatorRegistry` singleton, whose destruction
75 // order relative to global queue objects is unspecified (matches
76 // `Os::Generic::PriorityQueue::~PriorityQueue()`).
77 406 }
78
79 192 QueueInterface::Status LocklessPriorityQueue::create(FwEnumStoreType id,
80 const Fw::ConstStringBase& name,
81 FwSizeType depth,
82 FwSizeType messageSize) {
83 static_cast<void>(name);
84
85 // Ensure that the queue has not already been created. A double create would leak memory and
86 // is a programming error.
87 192 FW_ASSERT(this->m_handle.m_slots == nullptr);
88 192 FW_ASSERT(this->m_handle.m_data == nullptr);
89
90 // The state-tag word relies on the underlying atomic being lock-free for ISR safety. The
91 // static_assert in the header covers platforms with a compile-time guarantee; this runtime
92 // check is the authoritative gate (`is_always_lock_free` is C++17 and this code targets
93 // C++14).
94 192 std::atomic<LocklessStateTagType> probe(0);
95 192 FW_ASSERT(probe.is_lock_free());
96 192 std::atomic<FwQueuePriorityType> priorityProbe(0);
97 192 FW_ASSERT(priorityProbe.is_lock_free());
98 192 std::atomic<U32> counterProbe(0);
99 192 FW_ASSERT(counterProbe.is_lock_free());
100 192 FW_ASSERT(depth > 0);
101 192 FW_ASSERT(messageSize > 0);
102
103 // Guard the multiplications used to compute allocation sizes against overflow.
104 192 const FwSizeType maxSize = std::numeric_limits<FwSizeType>::max();
105 192 FW_ASSERT(depth <= (maxSize / sizeof(LocklessSlot)));
106 192 FW_ASSERT(depth <= (maxSize / messageSize));
107
108 // The modular comparison in isCandidatePreferred is exact only while queued equal-priority
109 // messages span less than half the U32 sequence domain (SDD section 7); depth bounds message
110 // count, not sequence spread.
111 192 FW_ASSERT(depth < (std::numeric_limits<U32>::max() / 2));
112
113
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384 Fw::MemAllocator& allocator = Fw::MemAllocatorRegistry::getInstance().getAnAllocator(
114 192 Fw::MemoryAllocation::MemoryAllocatorType::OS_GENERIC_PRIORITY_QUEUE);
115
116 192 LocklessSlot* slots = nullptr;
117 192 void* slotsAllocation = nullptr;
118 192 U8* data = nullptr;
119 192 QueueInterface::Status status = QueueInterface::Status::OP_OK;
120
121 // Allocate the slot array. Request padding for manual alignment: allocators are not required
122 // to honor the alignment argument (e.g. Fw::MallocAllocator ignores it).
123 192 FW_ASSERT(depth * sizeof(LocklessSlot) <= (maxSize - alignof(LocklessSlot)));
124 192 FwSizeType slotBytesRequested = (depth * sizeof(LocklessSlot)) + alignof(LocklessSlot);
125 192 FwSizeType slotBytesAllocated = slotBytesRequested;
126
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192 slotsAllocation = allocator.allocate(id, slotBytesAllocated, alignof(LocklessSlot));
127
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192 if (slotsAllocation == nullptr) {
128 status = QueueInterface::Status::ALLOCATION_FAILED;
129
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192 } else if (slotBytesAllocated < slotBytesRequested) {
130 allocator.deallocate(id, slotsAllocation);
131 status = QueueInterface::Status::ALLOCATION_FAILED;
132 } else {
133 192 const PlatformPointerCastType base = reinterpret_cast<PlatformPointerCastType>(slotsAllocation);
134 192 const PlatformPointerCastType aligned =
135 192 (base + (alignof(LocklessSlot) - 1)) & ~static_cast<PlatformPointerCastType>(alignof(LocklessSlot) - 1);
136 192 const FwSizeType offset = static_cast<FwSizeType>(aligned - base);
137
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192 slots = Fw::arrayPlacementNew<LocklessSlot>(
138 Fw::ByteArray(static_cast<U8*>(slotsAllocation) + offset, slotBytesAllocated - offset), depth);
139 }
140
141 // Allocate the message-data region.
142
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192 if (status == QueueInterface::Status::OP_OK) {
143 192 FwSizeType dataBytesRequested = depth * messageSize;
144 192 FwSizeType dataBytesAllocated = dataBytesRequested;
145
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192 void* dataAllocation = allocator.allocate(id, dataBytesAllocated, alignof(U8));
146
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192 if (dataAllocation == nullptr) {
147 Fw::arrayPlacementDestruct<LocklessSlot>(slots, depth);
148 allocator.deallocate(id, slotsAllocation);
149 status = QueueInterface::Status::ALLOCATION_FAILED;
150
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192 } else if (dataBytesAllocated < dataBytesRequested) {
151 Fw::arrayPlacementDestruct<LocklessSlot>(slots, depth);
152 allocator.deallocate(id, slotsAllocation);
153 allocator.deallocate(id, dataAllocation);
154 status = QueueInterface::Status::ALLOCATION_FAILED;
155 } else {
156 192 data = static_cast<U8*>(dataAllocation);
157 }
158 }
159
160 // Publish the configured handle once both allocations succeeded.
161
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192 if (status == QueueInterface::Status::OP_OK) {
162 192 this->m_handle.m_id = id;
163 192 this->m_handle.m_messageSize = messageSize;
164 192 this->m_handle.m_depth = depth;
165 192 this->m_handle.m_slots = slots;
166 192 this->m_handle.m_slotsAllocation = slotsAllocation;
167 192 this->m_handle.m_data = data;
168 192 this->m_handle.m_sequence.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
169 192 this->m_handle.m_count.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
170 192 this->m_handle.m_available.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
171 192 this->m_handle.m_highMark.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
172 }
173 384 return status;
174 }
175
176 203 void LocklessPriorityQueue::teardown() {
177
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203 if (this->m_handle.m_slots != nullptr) {
178
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384 Fw::MemAllocator& allocator = Fw::MemAllocatorRegistry::getInstance().getAnAllocator(
179 192 Fw::MemoryAllocation::MemoryAllocatorType::OS_GENERIC_PRIORITY_QUEUE);
180 192 Fw::arrayPlacementDestruct<LocklessSlot>(this->m_handle.m_slots, this->m_handle.m_depth);
181 192 allocator.deallocate(this->m_handle.m_id, this->m_handle.m_slotsAllocation);
182
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192 if (this->m_handle.m_data != nullptr) {
183 192 allocator.deallocate(this->m_handle.m_id, this->m_handle.m_data);
184 }
185 192 this->m_handle.m_slots = nullptr;
186 192 this->m_handle.m_slotsAllocation = nullptr;
187 192 this->m_handle.m_data = nullptr;
188 192 this->m_handle.m_depth = 0;
189 192 this->m_handle.m_messageSize = 0;
190 192 this->m_handle.m_count.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
191 192 this->m_handle.m_available.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
192 192 this->m_handle.m_highMark.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
193 192 this->m_handle.m_sequence.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
194 }
195 203 }
196
197 2092391 QueueInterface::Status LocklessPriorityQueue::send(const U8* buffer,
198 FwSizeType size,
199 FwQueuePriorityType priority,
200 QueueInterface::BlockingType blockType) {
201 // Programming-error checks: queue must be created and inputs must be well-formed. These are
202 // preconditions, not untrusted-input checks.
203 2092391 FW_ASSERT(this->m_handle.m_slots != nullptr);
204 2090858 FW_ASSERT(this->m_handle.m_data != nullptr);
205 2090469 FW_ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
206
207 // Reject oversized messages without touching the queue.
208
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2090469 if (size > this->m_handle.m_messageSize) {
209 1 return QueueInterface::Status::SIZE_MISMATCH;
210 }
211
212 2092139 const FwSizeType depth = this->m_handle.m_depth;
213 2083606 const bool blocking = (blockType == QueueInterface::BlockingType::BLOCKING);
214
215 // Bounded for non-blocking, unbounded for blocking (explicit user contract).
216
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4176412 for (FwSizeType pass = 0; blocking || (pass < MAX_RETRY_PASSES); pass++) {
217
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59483704 for (FwSizeType i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
218 57348851 LocklessSlot& slot = this->m_handle.m_slots[i];
219 58311792 LocklessStateTagType packed = slot.m_stateTag.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
220
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57857917 if (stateOf(packed) != LOCKLESS_SLOT_FREE) {
221 55777751 continue;
222 }
223 1742003 const LocklessStateTagType desired = packStateTag(LOCKLESS_SLOT_WRITING, tagOf(packed) + 1);
224
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3576558 if (slot.m_stateTag.compare_exchange_strong(packed, desired, std::memory_order_acq_rel,
225 std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
226
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1763150 if (size > 0) {
227 1763195 const FwSizeType offset = i * this->m_handle.m_messageSize;
228
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1762961 static_cast<void>(::memcpy(this->m_handle.m_data + offset, buffer, static_cast<size_t>(size)));
229 }
230 1762783 slot.m_size = size;
231 1762852 slot.m_priority.store(priority, std::memory_order_relaxed);
232 3525454 slot.m_sequence.store(this->m_handle.m_sequence.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed),
233 std::memory_order_relaxed);
234
235 // Increment the occupancy count *before* publishing READY. This guarantees a
236 // consumer's decrement (which can only follow a READY observation) never precedes
237 // this increment, so m_count cannot transiently underflow.
238 1761925 const U32 nextCount = this->m_handle.m_count.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) + 1;
239
240 1762687 slot.m_stateTag.store(packStateTag(LOCKLESS_SLOT_READY, tagOf(desired) + 1), std::memory_order_release);
241
242 // Increment the receivable count only after READY is published, so a nonzero
243 // getMessagesAvailable() implies at least one message has been made receivable.
244 1761489 static_cast<void>(this->m_handle.m_available.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel));
245
246 // Raise the high-water mark after publication so the message is never invisible
247 // while the producer runs this loop. Each strong-CAS failure strictly raises
248 // prevMark (mark only increases, capped at depth), so at most depth iterations run.
249 1762667 U32 prevMark = this->m_handle.m_highMark.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
250
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1761310 for (FwSizeType markPass = 0; (markPass < depth) && (nextCount > prevMark); markPass++) {
251
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4108 if (this->m_handle.m_highMark.compare_exchange_strong(
252 prevMark, nextCount, std::memory_order_relaxed, std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
253 2054 break;
254 }
255 }
256 1761310 return QueueInterface::Status::OP_OK;
257 }
258 }
259 // No free slot found this pass. Blocking callers back off; non-blocking callers retry.
260
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2134853 if (blocking) {
261
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1594 static_cast<void>(Os::Task::delay(Fw::TimeInterval(0, LOCKLESS_QUEUE_BLOCKING_BACKOFF_US)));
262 }
263 }
264 333116 return QueueInterface::Status::FULL;
265 }
266
267 2655260 QueueInterface::Status LocklessPriorityQueue::receive(U8* destination,
268 FwSizeType capacity,
269 QueueInterface::BlockingType blockType,
270 FwSizeType& actualSize,
271 FwQueuePriorityType& priority) {
272 // Programming-error checks. These mirror the assertions in send().
273 2655260 FW_ASSERT(this->m_handle.m_slots != nullptr);
274 2651912 FW_ASSERT(this->m_handle.m_data != nullptr);
275 2647742 FW_ASSERT(destination != nullptr);
276
277 2647742 const FwSizeType depth = this->m_handle.m_depth;
278 2646594 const bool blocking = (blockType == QueueInterface::BlockingType::BLOCKING);
279
280 // Bounded for non-blocking, unbounded for blocking (explicit user contract).
281
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6911424 for (FwSizeType pass = 0; blocking || (pass < MAX_RETRY_PASSES); pass++) {
282 // Fast path: skip the O(depth) scan while no message is receivable.
283
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12029642 if (this->m_handle.m_available.load(std::memory_order_acquire) == 0) {
284
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2858975 if (blocking) {
285
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1466 static_cast<void>(Os::Task::delay(Fw::TimeInterval(0, LOCKLESS_QUEUE_BLOCKING_BACKOFF_US)));
286 }
287 2855034 continue;
288 }
289 3167254 FwSizeType bestIndex = depth;
290 3167254 FwQueuePriorityType bestPriority = FwQueuePriorityType();
291 3167254 U32 bestSequence = 0;
292 3167254 LocklessStateTagType bestPacked = 0;
293
294
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73771624 for (FwSizeType i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
295 69778204 LocklessSlot& slot = this->m_handle.m_slots[i];
296 70201615 LocklessStateTagType packed = slot.m_stateTag.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
297
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70663049 if (stateOf(packed) != LOCKLESS_SLOT_READY) {
298 17654979 continue;
299 }
300 51816446 const FwQueuePriorityType candidatePriority = slot.m_priority.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
301 54380258 const U32 candidateSequence = slot.m_sequence.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
302 // Recheck: if the state-tag changed, the relaxed priority/sequence reads above may
303 // belong to a recycled slot; discard the candidate and keep scanning.
304 53698461 const LocklessStateTagType packedRecheck = slot.m_stateTag.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
305
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53866078 if (packed != packedRecheck) {
306 84307 continue;
307 }
308
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104996042 if ((bestIndex == depth) ||
309 52101680 isCandidatePreferred(candidatePriority, candidateSequence, bestPriority, bestSequence)) {
310 9488646 bestIndex = i;
311 9488646 bestPriority = candidatePriority;
312 9488646 bestSequence = candidateSequence;
313 9488646 bestPacked = packed;
314 }
315 }
316
317
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3993420 if (bestIndex == depth) {
318
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37401 if (blocking) {
319
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28 static_cast<void>(Os::Task::delay(Fw::TimeInterval(0, LOCKLESS_QUEUE_BLOCKING_BACKOFF_US)));
320 }
321 37123 continue;
322 }
323
324 3956019 const LocklessStateTagType desired = packStateTag(LOCKLESS_SLOT_READING, tagOf(bestPacked) + 1);
325
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6208011 if (this->m_handle.m_slots[bestIndex].m_stateTag.compare_exchange_strong(
326 bestPacked, desired, std::memory_order_acq_rel, std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
327 // Decrement the receivable count at the successful READY->READING claim: this
328 // message can no longer complete another receive.
329 1763190 static_cast<void>(this->m_handle.m_available.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel));
330 1763180 LocklessSlot& slot = this->m_handle.m_slots[bestIndex];
331 1763043 const FwSizeType storedSize = slot.m_size;
332 1763134 FW_ASSERT(storedSize <= capacity);
333
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1763134 if (storedSize > 0) {
334 1763141 const FwSizeType offset = bestIndex * this->m_handle.m_messageSize;
335 static_cast<void>(
336
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1763136 ::memcpy(destination, this->m_handle.m_data + offset, static_cast<size_t>(storedSize)));
337 }
338 1763031 actualSize = storedSize;
339 3525915 priority = slot.m_priority.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
340 // Decrement the occupancy count *before* releasing the slot to FREE. This keeps
341 // m_count (and therefore the high-water mark) at or below the queue depth: a producer
342 // can only re-claim and re-count this slot after observing FREE, which follows the
343 // decrement.
344 1762558 static_cast<void>(this->m_handle.m_count.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel));
345 1763044 slot.m_stateTag.store(packStateTag(LOCKLESS_SLOT_FREE, tagOf(desired) + 1), std::memory_order_release);
346 1762536 return QueueInterface::Status::OP_OK;
347 }
348 // CAS failed — another consumer claimed this slot; yield and rescan.
349
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1342804 if (blocking) {
350
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135 static_cast<void>(Os::Task::delay(Fw::TimeInterval(0, 0)));
351 }
352 }
353 908011 return QueueInterface::Status::EMPTY;
354 }
355
356 443515 FwSizeType LocklessPriorityQueue::getMessagesAvailable() const {
357 887030 return static_cast<FwSizeType>(this->m_handle.m_available.load(std::memory_order_acquire));
358 }
359
360 440789 FwSizeType LocklessPriorityQueue::getMessageHighWaterMark() const {
361 881578 return static_cast<FwSizeType>(this->m_handle.m_highMark.load(std::memory_order_acquire));
362 }
363
364 QueueHandle* LocklessPriorityQueue::getHandle() {
365 return &this->m_handle;
366 }
367
368 } // namespace Generic
369 } // namespace Os
370